Natural Pediatrics

Many parents question the use of chemical-laden sunscreens on their infants and young children. Even though sunscreens formulated for infants are technically “safe” to use, they may not be the most desirable option.  Up until a few years ago, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended against the use of any sunscreen on infants under 6 months of age due to unknown safety risks. They revised their statement in 2004, since damage from sunburn can certainly outweigh the risks of using small amounts of sunscreen when shade or protective clothing is unavailable. As a Naturopath, my advice to parents of young infants and children is to avoid the use of sunscreen and instead, make sure their child is wearing light weight protective clothing and a sunhat to avoid sunburn. Young infants should also be kept out of the heat since they are more susceptible to heat stroke due to their inability to regulate body temperature effectively.

So what should you look for when buying sunscreen for an infant or young child? Chemical-free sunscreens are less likely to cause rashes on sensitive skin and also much less likely to cause unknown long term harm. The active ingredients in these are either Zinc Oxide or Titanium Dioxide and work by reflecting UV radiation. Some safer alternative chemical sunscreen ingredients that work by absorbing harmful UV rays include oxycrylene, avobenzone, and octisalate (these are less likely to cause long term harm, but may still cause dermatitis on sensitive skin).

Other ingredients in sunscreen lotions may also help keep the skin healthy and moist, which can add to the benefit of the active sunscreen ingredient. Aloe vera, calendula, green tea, cocoa butter, and shea butter are examples of ingredients that can help the skin. Be careful using products with too many added ingredients, since fragrances and plant extracts can cause skin reactions in some people, even if they are ”all-natural”.  

Non sunscreen protection is a must for young infants. This includes shade (an umbrella will do) or light weight clothing that covers the arms and legs as well as a wide-brimmed hat to protect the face and eyes. SPF clothing is another great option for babies and toddlers. An average wet T-shirt has an SPF of 6, while special fabrics made with a tighter weave can provide SPF protection of up to 30. It is also best to avoid sun exposure between the hours of 10am and 3pm, when there is the highest risk of exposure to harmful UV radiation.

Some chemicals to avoid (due to hormone disruption or possible carcinogenic effects):

Parabens–disrupts hormones

Vitamin A (retinyl palmitate)–may accelerate skin damage and lead to increased cancers

Oxybenzone–disrupts hormones

PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid)–not used widely anymore since it commonly causes dermatitis

Octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC)–disrupts hormones

The Environmental Working Group  is an excellent resource to get more information about sunscreen safety and specific product recommendations. They compile an extensive amount of research on all of the chemicals/ingredients used in sunscreens as well as the efficacy of different sunscreens. For instance, did you know that many high SPF sunscreens (50 and higher) provide limited protection against UVA, which can accelerate skin damage that leads to certain types of skin cancers?

In order to be effective, most sunscreens should be applied 15-20 minutes before sun exposure and should be reapplied every 30-60 minutes, or more often if playing in the water or sweating excessively. Remember that when sunscreen is used, it blocks the body’s ability to make Vitamin D, so you may consider discussing Vitamin D supplementation with your child’s healthcare provider, as this is a common nutrient deficiency in many parts of the world. Also remember to protect the lips and eyes, which are more sensitive to sunburn. Sunglasses or a hat and special SPF lip balm are recommended in addition to sunscreen or other sun protection. Staying well hydrated is also important, since dehydrated skin is more susceptible to damage and sunburn.

If you have questions about specific products or are concerned that your child may be allergic to an ingredient in sunscreen, you should discuss this with your child’s healthcare provider.

About the Author: Dr. Bowker is a Naturopathic Physician and owner of Snohomish Valley Holistic Medicine. In addition to her clinical practice, Dr. Bowker serves as a Board member for the Washington Association of Naturopathic Physicians. She has also been a guest speaker for community organizations and instructor of several community health classes. For more information, please visit her primary website: www.snovalleyholistic.com

Tags: baby sunscreen, children's sunscreen, environmental working group, infant sunscreen, natural sunscreen, Naturopathic Pediatrics, Paraben free, Pediatrics, safe sunscreen, sun protection, titanium dioxide, Vitamin D, zinc oxide

Anxiety is becoming more prevalent in our children. There are several reasons for this, including faster paced lifestyles, busy schedules, and lack of good health habits, such as a healthy diet, exercise, and good sleep. While temperament can play a role and predispose certain children to developing an anxiety disorder, lifestyle factors may have a larger influence, meaning most anxiety disorders can be treated successfully without medications. It is important to understand that anxiety in children can present in many different ways. It can range from extreme shyness, to aggressive behavior. It can manifest as physical symptoms, such as headaches, stomachaches, and even asthma. Children with anxiety may have difficulty sleeping due to worry, or they may have anxiety because they aren’t getting enough sleep to begin with. Untreated anxiety can lead to severe consequences, such as drug and alcohol abuse, eating disorders, and may also be associated with other mental health disorders. Anxiety disorders an estimated 13% of children ages 9-17 and are becoming almost as prevalent in younger children as well. If you suspect your child suffers from anxiety, you should discuss the issue with his or her healthcare provider. You may also request the assistance of the school counselor or psychologist in having your child properly evaluated and diagnosed. If you know your child suffers from anxiety, here are a few Natural things to try:

1) Rescue Remedy–this is a Bach Flower Remedy formula that is especially helpful for anxiety and trauma. The recommended dose is 4 drops under the tongue; however, this also comes in a spray, topical cream, and lozenge form. In my practice, children seem to respond especially well to this remedy and having something that is safe for them to take as needed gives them a measure of control over the anxiety. Rescue Remedy can be especially helpful for test anxiety or specific phobias. The tincture does contain alcohol as a preservative, so I generally recommend that children use the lozenges or the topical cream.

2) Sleep–children who aren’t getting a good night’s sleep are more prone to anxiety due to alterations of brain chemistry. Making sure your child is getting an adequate amount of sleep is important. If your child seems to have enough sleep, you may consider having him or her evaluated for a sleep disorder that may be interfering with the normal sleep cycles. Addressing any underlying sleep issue should help many who suffer from anxiety disorders.

3) Chamomile tea–this nervine herb is excellent for helping to calm the entire nervous system and is safe for children of any age. I usually recommend drinking this tea before bed time to help children prepare for a good night’s sleep. This tea is also a good tummy soother and may help with some of the physical manifestations of anxiety.

4) Craniosacral therapy–this energy medicine therapy involves the use of touch and energy to restore balance to the body. It is extremely helpful for a variety of mental health disorders, including anxiety and is also safe and effective in children. I recommend finding a practitioner who specializes in Craniosacral therapy for children since their needs are sometimes different from adults’. Most Cranialsacral therapists are also licensed Healthcare Practitioners, such as Massage Therapists, Chiropractors, Naturopaths, Nurses, and even Medical Doctors.

5) Homeopathy–there are too many remedies to give specific recommendations in a blog post, but homeopathy can be an effective tool for treating children with anxiety disorders. Homeopathy is a modality used by Registered Homeopaths as well as some Naturopaths, Nurse Practitioners, and Medical Doctors. It is important to find a Practitioner who practices Constitutional Homeopathy, and has had the appropriate training in how to correctly prescribe homeopathic remedies (ask what their training/credential entailed).

6) Nutritional Supplements–sometimes nutrient deficiencies can lead to or exacerbate anxiety disorders. Nutrients such as Essential Fatty Acids (EPA & DHA), B vitamins, Magnesium, and Calcium may be helpful for some children with anxiety. You should consult with a Naturopathic Doctor to get specific recommendations for supplements and dosages.

7) Diet–eliminating foods that can add to stress and anxiety is a must. Specific ingredients such as caffeine, MSG, artificial flavorings and colorings, and food preservatives may cause a change in brain chemistry that can exacerbate or even cause anxiety. Refined and processed foods, such as white sugar and flour should also be eliminated. Sometimes children are sensitive to specific foods, such as wheat (gluten), and simply eliminating the offending food can make a noticeable difference.

Children with serious anxiety disorders, especially those associated with other mental health diseases such as depression, obsessive compulsive behaviors, and eating disorders, should be evaluated and treated by a pediatric psychiatrist. It is important to see a pediatric specialist, since pharmaceutical treatments for children can be very different than treatments for adults with the same diagnosis. If you prefer to avoid medications altogether, consider seeing an orthomolecular psychiatrist–a doctor who specializes in treatment of mental health disorders with high doses of nutrients rather than pharmaceutical drugs. Many conditions, including anxiety, can be safely managed  with appropriate nutritional intervention, a much safer alternative to some medications.

It is also important to be aware that severe anxiety that starts suddenly may be a symptom of trauma. If you suspect your child has been abused, you should contact the appropriate authorities immediately. Even if your child is not able to verbalize what happened, you should have him or her evaluated by a child psychologist, who can help you navigate the system if abuse is suspected.

About the Author: Dr. Bowker is a Naturopathic Physician and owner of Snohomish Valley Holistic Medicine. In addition to her clinical practice, Dr. Bowker serves as a Board member for the Washington Association of Naturopathic Physicians. She has also been a guest speaker for community organizations and instructor of several community health classes. For more information, please visit her primary website: www.snovalleyholistic.com

Tags: Anxiety, chamomile, craniosacral therapy, food sensitivities, homeopathy, nutritioal deficiencies, orthomolecular psychiatry, Rescue Remedy

Stubborn eczema can be one of the most frustrating conditions for both parents and young children. Depending on the severity of this skin disorder, it can impact both social interactions and self esteem of those afflicted, not to mention the risk of secondary skin infections, such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Conventional treatments include medicated creams and over the counter moisturizers, and for some children, the treatments offered may cause undesirable side effects or may not be 100% effective. Even though eczema is a condition many children outgrow, there is no reason why parents should not expect a treatment plan that decreases the severity of the symptoms without posing any other risks to the child’s health. Here are six Natural Treatments for Eczema that are safe and effective:

1. Diet–identifying and eliminating food allergies and/or sensitivities from a child’s diet can make a big difference in symptom severity. Eczema has a strong correlation with atopic disease, asthma, and allergies, which means the eliminating the cause of the allergic reaction or inflammation will result in symptom reduction.
2. Essential Fatty Acids–fish oil, high in the omega-3 fatty acids, EPA&DHA can be extremely helpful for treating skin conditions. This supplement is safe to give to infants and young children. It can take several weeks of supplementation to notice significant improvement, but it is generally helpful for most cases of eczema due to its anti-inflammatory properties. For dosing, administration, and product recommendations, you should consult a licensed Naturopathic Physician. Giving your child the wrong brand of fish oil could be detrimental to their health, since not all brands are tested for purity and may be contaminated with mercury and other toxins.
3. Calendula–applying calendula topically in a cream or oil can help moisturize and repair the skin. Calendula is a flower with natural healing properties and is safe to use on infants and children. Creams and oils/ointments are preferable to lotions, since lotions generally contain a small amount of alcohol, which can dry out the skin and make the eczema worse.
4. Evening Primrose Oil–some studies have shown that people who suffer from eczema have decreased levels of gamma-linolenic acid, an essintial fatty acid found in evening primrose oil. This is safe to take in conjunction with fish oil and may even be added to infant formula or breastmilk for infants as a preventive treatment for those with a strong family history of eczema and atopic disease.
5. Witch hazel and Phosphatidylcholine–this topical preparation has been compared to topical steroids and shown to be effective in the treatment of eczema. While not as effective as the standard steroid treatment, it has fewer side effects and used in combination with the other Natural Treatments listed, it may be a component of a safer, effective treatment plan. This treatment should be applied to the affected skin 2-3 times a day. Talk to a Naturopathic Physician for specific product recommendations and instructions.
6. Bleach baths–as “un-natural” as this treatment sounds, it is an effective and safe treatment. The key is that the bleach is VERY dilute. Most studies report that daily baths in a tub filled with water and 1/4 cup of bleach can greatly improve eczema in moderate and severe cases, reducing the need for topical steroid creams and antibiotics. You should discuss this treatment with your child’s healthcare provider and NEVER put bleach directly on the skin or into a tub that is not already filled with water, in order to prevent a chemical burn. If you are bathing your infant or toddler in a smaller than average tub, you will also need to adjust the amount of bleach you add, so the solution is not too strong. Talk to your child’s healthcare provider or a pediatric dermatologist if you have questions about this protocol.

If none of the above treatments help your child, consider taking your child to a pediatric dermatologist. It is possible that your child suffers from a different skin condition requiring a different treatment plan. A dermatologist may perform a biopsy or take a sample from affected areas and send to a pathologist to make a more accurate diagnosis. It is important that you seek the advice of a pediatric dermatologist rather than a regular dermatologist, since the treatment of children is sometimes very different than the treatment of adults with skin disorders.

About the Author: Dr. Bowker is a Naturopathic Physician and owner of Snohomish Valley Holistic Medicine. In addition to her clinical practice, Dr. Bowker serves as a Board member for the Washington Association of Naturopathic Physicians. She has also been a guest speaker for community organizations and instructor of several community health classes. For more information, please visit her primary website: www.snovalleyholistic.com

Tags: allergies, asthma, atopic dermatitis, bleach bath, calendula, DHA, eczema, epa, essential fatty acids, fish oil, food allergies, food sensitivities, gamma-linolenic acid, GLA, natural treatments for asthma, omega 3, rash, skin disorders

In these financially strapping times, many parents are looking closely at their budgets and wondering where to make cuts without doing harm to their family. This begs the question “is it really worth spending the extra money on organic food, or can we get by on the cheap stuff?” A tough question for some parents, since there is not a lot of published information on the benefits of organic food over commercially farmed food. Even more discouraging, are some of the studies published lately that seem to contradict what we thought were the health benefits of diets high in fresh fruits and vegetables. While some “organic” foods have been shown to be healthier and safer than their non-organic counterparts, there are plenty of researchers in the field (AKA cynics) who view the “organic” trend as simply a lifestyle choice rather than a movement towards better health. There was even a report published in the UK last year indicating no difference in the health benefits of organic vs. conventionally grown foods, so why, then, spend the extra money on organic foods?

First, some definitions:

Organic means (italicized text taken from: http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/13737389/)

• Animals have not been treated with: antibiotics, growth hormones, or feed made from animal byproducts.
• Animals must have been fed organic feed for at least a year.
• Animals must have access to the outdoors.
• Food hasn’t been genetically modified or irradiated.
• Fertilizer does not contain sewage sludge or synthetic ingredients.
• Produce hasn’t been contaminated with synthetic chemicals used as pesticides.

What the labels mean:

• “100% Organic”: Product must contain 100 percent organic ingredients.
• “Organic”: At least 95 percent of ingredients are organically produced.
• “Made with Organic Ingredients”: At least 70 percent of ingredients are organic. The remaining 30 percent must come from the USDA’s approved list.
• “Free-range” or “Free-roaming”: Misleading term applied to chicken, eggs and other meat. The animal did not necessarily spend a good portion of its life outdoors. The rule states only that outdoor access be made available for “an undetermined period each day.” U.S. government standards are weak in this area.
• “Natural” or “All Natural”: Does not mean organic. There is no standard definition for this term except with meat and poultry products. (USDA defines “natural” as not containing any artificial flavoring, colors, chemical preservatives, or synthetic ingredients). The claim is not verified. The producer or manufacturer alone decides whether to use it.

The biggest health concerns regarding conventionally grown and farmed food when choosing what to feed children are the known risks of exposure to pesticide residues and unknown risk of consuming genetically modified foods. The Environmental Working Group has a list of 49 different foods they tested for pesticide residue. Here is the list ranked from best to worst (http://www.foodnews.org/fulllist.php):

Without clear data, why should parents spend the extra money?

Safety data on toxins and pesticides is based on healthy adult subjects, so there really isn’t any clear safety data for kids, who are smaller and perhaps more susceptible to the effects of trace toxins. We already know that certain toxins and heavy metals can affect behavior and neurological development (i.e. lead poisoning), so why chance it with trace amounts of pesticides on foods. The other concern is with meat and dairy, certain toxins and pesticides can accumulate and become concentrated in the fat. Not so terrible if you eat lean meats and trim the fat, but possibly a bad idea to feed your infant non-organic whole milk or your toddler hotdogs (even “all natural”) for dinner every night.

How can I stay in my food budget and still feed my kids organic foods?

Compromise–use the list above to prioritize which produce items you buy organic.

Buy fruits and veggies in season–they are a lot less expensive (organic or otherwise) and usually on sale

Join a CSA Co-op–many local organic farms have delivery services in metropolotin areas; you pay a subscription for a weekly or biweekly delivery of fresh picked, locally grown organic produce. In the Puget Sound, try www.fullcirclefarm.com or www.klesickfamilyfarms.com)

Shop at your local Farmer’s Market–you can find organically grown (sometimes not certified) produce at reasonable prices, because you’re buying directly from the farmer.

Shop online–well, maybe not for produce, but frozen meat–definitely! You can get good deals on certified organic meats and wild seafood (not regulated like the other foods) by shopping online and buying in bulk.

Cook and freeze–concerned about waste? Make your food budget stretch further by preparing freezable meals ahead of time using organic ingredients. This is the best way to prevent wasting fresh produce and will also save money when you think about the number of times you may resort to take-out or prepared foods that cost more money than the homemade meal in your freezer.

Grow your own–a little extra work, but worth the reward. Check out my colleague’s blog for more info on organic gardening: http://naturopathicadvantage.wordpress.com/2010/03/22/organic-gardening-my-familys-new-hobby/

Finally, think of the extra cost as an investment in your child’s future. Not only are you leading them to make healthier lifestyle choices through example, but you are also supporting sustainable farming, a practice that will ensure that food is available for future generations and can continue to be cultivated without technology, chemicals, and bio-engineering.

Here are some links to additional articles and resources:

http://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/features/organic-food-better

http://www.docshop.com/2008/08/27/about-organic-food-is-it-worth-the-cost/

http://www.ewg.org/release/UK-Study-Fails-To-Analyze-Key-Health-Benefits-of-Organic

http://www.organic-center.org/science.nutri.php?action=view&report_id=157

http://www.sustainabletable.org/intro/whatis/

Tags: agribusiness, agriculture, chemicals, commercial agriculture, Diet, environment, epa, food, food safety, genetically modified, health, lactobacillus, natural, nutrition, nutritious, organic, pesticides, residue, sustainable, toxic

Any parent who has been to the E.R. with their child during an acute asthma attack can tell you first-hand how scary this medical condition is. Asthma affects nearly 1 in 11 children in the U.S. It is usually diagnosed before age 5, and many times the initial diagnosis follows an upper respiratory infection, such as the common cold. Most alarming, is the fact that asthma rates and deaths due to asthma have increased significantly over the past few decades–a statistic not to be taken lightly. As frustrating and scary as the disease itself can be, more and more parents and affected children are just as frustrated with the limited treatment options available. While it is true that some children “outgrow” their asthma, that is not true for all children. Those who live with moderate to severe asthma may find themselves choosing between daily medications that slowly destroy their liver or a lifestyle hampered greatly by the threat of their next asthma attack. Fortunately, there are some Natural Treatments that can be quite effective and help those with asthma decrease the severity and progression of their disease while minimizing the need for potentially harmful drugs. Here, in no particular order, are some Natural Treatments to consider (and discuss with a qualified healthcare professional):

1) Diet–many people who suffer from allergy induced asthma, may benefit from an allergy elimination diet. Unlike allergy testing done on the skin or blood, which can be unreliable when it comes to identifying food “sensitivities”, the elimination diet can help give patients relief from symptoms. There are many health conditions that can improve when eliminating problem foods from the diet, and in many cases, I recommend doing food challenges after a period of elimination. For patients who suffer from asthma; however, doing food challenges can be potentially life threatening, if a food triggers an acute asthma attack. For this reason, I recommend that asthmatics wishing to challenge suspected foods do so in a medical setting in collaboration with an appropriate healthcare provider (more and more conventional Allergy specialists are beginning to do this).

2) Breathing exercises– There are some specific breathing exercises and techniques that can be used to reduce the need for chronic medications as well as cut down the use of emergency inhalors prescribed for asthmatics. An example of a technique used by many respiratory therapists is the Buteyko method, which can be self-taught through a video course or taught by a respiratory therapist who is familiar with this method. The breathing techniques work by altering the pH of the blood and can, in some cases, stop an asthma attack altogether. The few studies that have been done on the Buteyko method look very promising, and surprisingly, not many primary care providers (including pediatricians) are aware of it. Obviously, breathing techniques are not effective for infants and young children unable to learn and practice the specific breathing patterns.

3) Probiotics–daily supplementation with probiotics has been shown to reduce allergies and asthma in children. While the research done supports the use of probiotics more as a preventive measure, there is no reason not to supplement with probiotics if your child has already been diagnosed with asthma, as they may help decrease the progression and severity of disease. You should talk to a Naturopathic Doctor about specific product recommendations, since the only probiotics guaranteed to have a benefit are the ones that were studied (quality and efficacy of these supplements vary greatly from brand to brand). I generally recommend a product free of dairy that contains 2-4 specific strains of bacteria. While most children can benefit from daily probiotic supplementation, for asthmatics, I recommend a dose 2-3 times the manufacturer’s recommendation. (e-mail or comment to me privately if you want specific brand info.)

4) Omega-3 Fatty Acids–These are the “good” fats found primarily in fish oil. EPA is one specific Omega-3 fatty acid known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Since asthma is an inflammatory process, anything that can help reduce inflammation can potentially help reduce the frequency and severity of asthma attacks. I generally recommend a product high in EPA and DHA (not all fish oils are equal) and dose depends largely on the quality of the product and concentration of those “good” fats. You should talk to a Naturopathic Doctor for specific product recommendations.

5) Detoxification–there is an overwhelming amount of epidemiologic data pointing to environmental pollutants as the reason for the increase in asthma over the past few decades. I would say that beyond the pollution in the air we breathe is the impact of pesticides and toxins getting into our food and water. For this reason, I recommend that children (not just those with asthma) be given organic foods whenever possible, and when organic is not available, to limit intake of the most toxic foods (here’s a link to a searchable database that gives toxicology info for a variety of foods: www.whatsonmyfood.org). Some asthmatics may benefit from seeing an Environmental Medicine specialist or a Naturopathic Doctor versed in environmental detoxification. Detoxification protocols in children are complex and must be medically supervised to ensure both safety and efficacy. In some cases, asthmatics can be cured completely after eliminating toxins that have built up in the body.

6) Herbs–I won’t go into specifics, since there are a variety of herbs that can be used in conjunction with (or in some cases, in lieu of) conventional therapies. Since asthma is a potentially life-threatening condition, it is important to seek and expert’s advice before taking an herbal supplement or altering the dose of prescribed medications. Licensed Naturopathic Doctors are trained in both conventional pharmaceutical drugs and in herbal and botanical therapies and have the necessary expertise to help patients who wish to transition away from some of the more toxic pharmaceutical medications. Although it is not always possible to eliminate the need for pharmaceuticals, herbs may also be used to support the liver and kidneys, preventing/delaying the toxic side effects of the prescribed drugs.

While the treatments above may be helpful at adressing the cause and limiting the severity of asthma for many sufferers, there is still no guarantee that your child will be cured. In some cases, seeing a doctor, such as an allergist or pulmonologist, who specializes in asthma can be helpful if you feel that your child’s condition is worsening or not being addressed appropriately by their primary care provider. There are newer drugs available (some with fewer side effects), so even if the Natural Treatments are not an option for your child, there could be a better option out there. As a parent, it is important to be well educated about your child’s health, so that you can ask the right questions and act as their advocate. Being told that this is “something you just have to live with” is not always an adequate answer!

Tags: allergies, asthma, breathing, buteyko method, Children, common cold, environmental toxins, natural treatments for asthma, Pediatrics, pesticides, Probiotics, respiratory health

As a Naturopathic Doctor, I frequently counsel parents of young children on the pros and cons of vaccines. I am writing this blog post for readers who are especially skeptical and/or fearful of vaccines in general. Hopefully this basic information will prompt you to discuss this topic further with your child’s healthcare provider, especially if your child is not already vaccinated.

Here are some facts (with a Naturopathic spin):

1) Childhood vaccines save lives. Don’t believe me? Ask parents of children in third world countries where infection is still a leading cause of death of infants and children. Childhood vaccines are actually the MOST SUCCESSFUL public health program in terms of numbers of lives saved. If only we could have the same success with prevention of obesity and chronic diseases!

2) Autism is not caused by vaccines.  This is bound to be a controversial statement, especially given the questionability of some of the research on vaccines and autism. The facts as we know them are that Autism is no more prevalent in vaccinated children vs. unvaccinated children and previously published research that suggested that thimerosal containing vaccines (the MMR, in particular) were linked to the development of Autism has since been retracted. Some of the latest research on Autism also suggests a much stronger genetic link than we once realized as well as a possible environmental link (meaning parents were right to be skeptical of preservatives in vaccines, but were possibly overlooking more common causes of environmental toxicity such as contaminated food and water). As a Naturopath, I firmly support efforts to research both the safety and efficacy of vaccines and also believe it is important to review all of the information at hand before reaching a conclusion. Too many anti-vaccine proponents have a view of the research that is far too narrow, in my opinion.

3) Childhood vaccines are only effective at protecting our children when a large majority of our children have been vaccinated (AKA “herd” protection). Areas where the vaccination rates dip below 70 percent have a clear increase in the number of outbreaks of vaccine preventable illnesses. This explains why diseases like pertussis (whooping cough) and measles are on the rise in certain parts of the country. Washington state, where I practice, has one of the lowest vaccine rates in the country–a problem that has resulted in infant deaths from vaccine preventable illnesses.

4) The CDC recommended vaccine schedule is not the only schedule supported by research. Other developed countries used slightly different schedules and for parents concerned about vaccine side effects, a suitable compromise may be to discuss and alternative vaccine schedule with your child’s provider.

5) Public Health vaccine schedules are designed to get maximum compliance and maximum protection for the youngest (and most at-risk) infants. If you are uncomfortable having your 2 month old vaccinated, you should talk to your child’s provider about minimizing their risk of exposure to vaccine preventable illness and at what point you will consider having your child vaccinated (this leads in to a discussion of alternative vaccine schedules). Infants who are put in daycare or taken out in public are at an increased risk of exposure to germs and illnesses, including vaccine preventable diseases. This should be weighed in to every parent’s decision to vaccinate.

6) Choosing NOT to vaccinate your child puts other children and susceptible adults at risk. If you choose not to vaccinate, you should also realize the moral obligation you have to keep your child quarantined should they become sick with a vaccine preventable illness. The only exception that I do not object to is when parents let their child intentionally expose other healthy children (with parents’ consent, of course) to chickenpox, a disease that can cause complications in a very small percentage of children. This exception should be discussed with your child’s healthcare provider as well, since it is certainly not advisable for all children and definitely not advisable if unvaccinated adults or pregnant women may be in contact with exposed children; however, exposure to the wild chickenpox virus vs. the vaccine is proven to provide much stronger and longer lasting protection (which is a critical point, since chickenpox can be a much more serious illness in adults).

7) Not all vaccines are suitable for all children. Besides the contraindications provided by the vaccine manufacturer, there are other unique circumstances (including religious and philosophical beliefs) that may preclude your child from receiving all of the vaccines. This does not mean your child cannot be protected, though. There are other things that you can do to boost your child’s immunity and keep them healthy, so their risk of infection (of any kind) is minimal. Naturopathic Doctors are experts in disease prevention and boosting the body’s immune system. Even if your child sees a conventional medical provider, you should consider visiting a Naturopathic Doctor if your child cannot be vaccinated for any reason.

Because I believe it is important for parents to have a conversation with their child’s healthcare provider, I am intentionally not publishing detailed information about individual vaccines and alternative vaccine schedules. You can find this information easily on the internet, but be forewarned that information on the internet may not always come from the most reliable sources and vaccine information is constantly changing as technology improves and more research is published.

Tags: cause of death, chickenpox, childhood illness, immune system, infections, infectious disease, mercury, Naturopathic Pediatrics, thimerosal, Vaccines

Probiotiocs are “good” bacteria that normally colonize the digestive tract. Lack of these bacteria can lead to digestive disruption and symptoms such as chronic diarrhea and/or constipation.  The ”good” bacteria also happen to play a large role in our overall health, since the digestive tract contains over 40% of our body’s immune system.

Several studies have shown the benefits of probiotics for people of all ages ranging from healthy digestion to immune support. One study demostrated that children who took a certain probiotic blend daily were less likely to catch seasonal colds and flus compared to their peers and also had significantly shorter illnesses if they did get sick. Other studies have demostrated the benefits of taking probiotics during and after antibiotic therapy in order to prevent dysbiosis (overgrowth of bad bacteria and/or yeast that leads to diarrhea and other digestive symptoms).

While there are a vast number of probiotics to choose from available at your pharmacy, grocery store, supplement store, or online, there is no guarantee that the product you get will actually be helpful. There are only a handful of brands/formulas that have actually been clinically proven to be effective and have rigorous quality control measures to ensure that the products are not contaminated. When it comes to giving probiotics to children and infants, I recommend sticking with high quality products that are proven to work even if it costs a bit more money.

Probiotics can contain a variety of strains of bacteria, but the clinically proven formulas only contain very specific strains. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidus are two examples of bacteria used in many formulas, but the strains of these bacteria used by different manufacturers can vary greatly. One of the biggest differences is how the strains are grown or from what species they are originally cultured. The strains cultured from humans are generally more likely to colonize (grow in) the human digestive tract compared to, say, strains cultured from pigs or cows. Strains that are grown on media contianing dairy proteins may be contaminated and cause allergic reactions in people sensitive to dairy or infants who have not yet had dairy introduced into their diets.

What about yogurt or other cultured foods that contain these bacteria? While cultured dairy is a good dietary source of these bacteria, the amount of living bacteria in a serving of most cultured foods is much, much less than what is contained in a quality supplement. Many people have intolerances to the foods themselves, which  makes dietary consumption of probiotics a bit of a challenge.

Good probiotics should be kept refrigerated to maintain their potency. Many of the high quality supplements will contain twice the label potency if kept at a temperature below 40 degrees until the expiration date. Freeze-dried powders kept at room temperature can vary greatly in their potency (independent lab tests of some over the counter brands showed some products contained zero living organisms of the strains listed on the label and some products were even contaminated with pathogenic “bad” bacteria). Clinically proven products are generally more expensive; however, some may be available through prescription and covered by prescription benefits, flexible spending accounts, or health savings accounts.

I recommend probiotic supplements for most of my pediatric patients, including infants. If you have questions about which product to give your child, you should consult a licensed Naturopathic Doctor or other Healthcare professional familiar with using probiotics.

Tags: acidophilus, bad bacteria, bifidobacterium, child, colonize, Constipation, diarrhea, digestion, digestive tract, good bacteria, immune system, infant, lactobacillus, Naturopathic Doctor, pathogenic, Probiotics, yogurt

Constipation is a common problem in children, and one that can often be corrected at home. Common causes of constipation include lack of fiber in the diet, mild dehydration, pain with bowel movements, behavior, stress, and lack of physical activity. Certain medications and supplements may also cause constipation. The age of your child should help you determine which of the above causes is most likely. If constipation is a new problem for your child, your child is complaining of pain and has a distended abdomen or fever or it has been more than 4 days since having a bowel movement, your child should be seen by his or her healthcare provider.

If you the constipation is not severe enough to see the doctor yet or your child has already been evaluated and you want to help ease the discomfort, here are some age-related suggestions.

Newborns and Infants:

Breastfed infants may go for several days between bowel movements, which is completely normal as long as they don’t appear to be in pain and their abdomen is not distended. Babies use breastmilk efficiently, which is why it can go through the system with so little waste. Feeding infants probiotics (good bacteria) can ensure a healthy gut and prevent future problems with digestion.  Just be sure you get a high quality probiotic specifically formulated for infants (to ensure that it is not contaminated with bad pathogenic bacteria).

When solids are introduced, bowel movements will be more solid and are more likely to be uncomfortable. Allowing babies to eliminate in the warm bathtub can help ease the discomfort and prevent behavioral constipation. You should never give laxatives to babies unless directed by a qualified healthcare provider. Gentle massage of the abdomen in the clockwise direction (when facing the baby) can also be soothing and help move the bowels.

Toddlers and Preschoolers:

Behavior and diet are the two most common reasons for constipation in this age-group. In some cases, the problem starts around the time of potty training, when the child learns that elimination is something they can control. It is important for parents to realize that being too forceful about potty training may lead to a child holding their bowel movements, eventually resulting in painful elimination and a vicious cycle of constipation. It is healthier for your child to have a regular elimination schedule, even if it means they don’t use the toilet for this purpose (they will, eventually).

Diet is another common cause of constipation in toddler and preschool aged children. This can be partly behavior related (child is a picky eater and learns that food intake is something they can control), but ultimately, the parent determines the food options for the child and should always make an effort to offer healthy foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean meats. Packaged and processed foods low in fiber and nutritional value should be avoided altogether. Lack of fiber and fluids can lead to constipation–a good standby to have on hand is prune juice, since it is a safe, natural laxative.

Food sensitivities may also cause constipation (dairy and wheat are the top two pediatric food allergies/sensitivities). Probiotic supplementation can also be helpful. Also, foods fortified with iron or multivitamins containing iron may contribute to constipation–talk to your child’s healthcare provider if you have specific concerns about your child’s nutrient intake. Essential fatty acids, specifically omega 3 fats, found in fish oil may be helpful. One teaspoon daily is a typical dose, but you should follow instructions on package and/or consult a healthcare provider to find out what is best for your child.

School Aged Children:

Lack of physical activity is becoming more common in this age group. Children should have at least an hour of physical activity daily in addition to recess and PE at school. Of course diet may also play a considerable role and should be addressed in conjunction with physical activity.

Stress may also be part of the problem. Encouraging open communication with your school aged child can help provide an outlet for concerns and anxiety they may have and give them healthy coping mechanisms, so that stress does not result in physical ailments. Some school aged children may even be on regular prescription medications that can contribute to chronic constipation. You should talk to the prescribing healthcare provider or a pharmacist to find out more information about side effects of medications.

If you are desperate enough to give your child laxatives, you should talk to a Naturopathic Doctor or Pharmacist about natural options. Magnesium and Vitamin C are both nutrients that can help promote bowel movements with minimal side effects. Herbal laxatives can be just as dangerous as pharmaceutical laxatives if taken incorrectly, which is why it is best to seek the guidance of a trained healthcare professional if the constipation gets to this point.

Tags: Behavior, bowel movement, Constipation, distended abdomen, elimination, essential fatty acid, fish oil, food allergies, herbal laxative, laxatives, magnesium, Natural laxative, natural pediatrics, Naturopathic Doctor, omega 3, physical activity, potty training, Probiotics, prune juice, vitamin c

Most of us have heard that restricting sugar can affect how a child behaves. Refined sugar and junk foods high in simple carbohydrates are known to cause sugar rushes and crashes (often playing out as hyperactivity followed by disagreeability in children). We also know that certain chemicals can directly impact brain chemistry–caffeine is an example of  a stimulant that can cause jitters, anxiety, hyperactivity and insomnia. Processed foods, refined sugar, and artificial ingredients are often identified as problem foods, but what about foods we think of as healthy?

More and more evidence is pointing to food sensitivies being the root cause of many chronic problems. As adults, we may have chronic pain, digestive issues, or chronic allergy symptoms, but children don’t always exhibit the same symptoms when they have a food intolerance. Often, parents will attribute bad behavior, poor grades, and disagreeability to a child’s mood, personality, or a “difficult phase”. If it becomes a substantial problem, they may have the child evaluated for a learning or behavior disorder. Many of these children end up being diagnosed with Attention Deficit (and Hyperactivity) Disorder (ADHD/ADD) or some other learning disorder and put on medications to control their behavior and help them concentrate. Those who don’t fit the diagnostic criteria for ADD or a learning disorder are usually not given any treatment at all and the issue is chalked up to the child’s personality.

I have seen many kids diagnosed with ADD (or who meet diagnostic criteria) improve 100% when problem foods are removed from the diet (usually after the parent has already tried eliminating the obvious culprits, such as refined sugar and processed foods). In my clinical experience, Dairy and Wheat seem to be the two most common food sensitivities (for adults as well as children) and can cause a number of symptoms ranging from digestive issues and fatigue, to hyperactivity and learning deficits. What amazes me is how drastic a difference diet can make. I’ve had parents comment that their child is a completely different person (in a good way)!

The discovery of a food intolerance can be life changing in both positive and negative ways. While many parents and children are glad to find out that there is a reason for the behavior and/or learning issues, the prospect of eliminating favorite foods from the diet can be depressing. Children will often ask what they will do at their friends’ birthday party or when they spend the night at a friend’s house. These seem like huge obstacles initially, but can be overcome with support and counseling from a qualified healthcare professional. Naturopathic Doctors are trained to help patients implement necessary diet and lifestyle changes and to provide support along the way. Sometimes, a Naturopathic Physician will refer patients to a qualifited Dietician or Nutritional counselor for more hands on help.

Parents are often frustrated initially at the thought of shopping and cooking for their food intolerant child and sometimes concerned that the child won’t receive balanced nutrition without the missing foods. Parents of children who are milk intolerant are concerned that the child won’t get enough calcium. Parents of children who are wheat intolerant are concerned that their child is a picky eater and won’t eat anything but pizza and sandwiches. These are common concerns and can be alleviated with proper counseling and advice from an expert. Most of the time, once kids become involved in their own plan, they end up taking charge and helping their parents with the shopping and cooking, making the burden easier for all.

While “difficult phases” and bad behavior do exist without an underlying cause, noticing a change in behavior or a negative pattern is something that should be brought to the attention of your child’s healthcare provider. Sometimes being evaluated is the first step towards getting answers and help. While I have heard many parents say that they don’t want their child “labeled” in some way, it can also be said that if it weren’t for the labeling, there are many parents out there who would not stumble upon the appropriate help or answer for their child’s behavior issues.

Tags: ADD, ADHD, Behavior, behavior disorder, dairy, Diet, dietician, food intolerance, food sensitivities, learning disorder, natural pediatrics, Naturopath, Naturopathic Doctor, wheat

With all the hype about the flu this past fall and winter, you may have been misled to think that flu is a leading cause of death in infants and children. While influenza may be the leading cause of death due to infectious disease in the U.S., it is far from the leading cause of death of infants and children. The leading cause of death for the age groups of 1-4 years, 5-14 years, and 15-24 years in the U.S. is accidents, and of these tragedies, automobile accidents make up the majority.

Isn’t this just a reflection of our excellent healthcare, you may ask? Possibly, but it also demonstrates an area of Public Health and Safety that needs to be addressed. As technology advances and more research is done, recommendations for keeping children safe have changed significantly. For example, most parents now know that the safest place for an infant is in a rear-facing carseat in the back seat of a car, but how many know that the latest research shows that rear-facing in the back seat is the safest position until the age of 2? Many pediatricians have yet to change their recommendations because the research is so new and the American Academy of Pediatrics has not yet had a chance to revise their current recommendation that children remain rear-facing until the age of 1 or weight of 20lbs.

Some parents are irritated by booster seat laws put in place by some state governments. No matter how you feel about government involvement, you cannot deny the fact that booster seats are the safest way for children under a certain height to travel, in order to be properly restrained by a car’s seatbelt. Proper child restraints save lives, period.

Car manufacturers have put a lot of emphasis on safety features in the past 2 decades, which has certainly helped, but may also give some parents a false sense of security when it comes to the safety of family members riding in the vehicle. Before you give in to your 10 year old who wants to sit in the front passenger seat or think, maybe just this once, I can put my infant in the front seat, think of the risk you are taking and whether that decision is worth the risk.

Beyond car safety, parents should take precautions with their kids near the water. Children should be taught to swim at a young age, but knowing how to swim should never make a lifejacket an unnecessary accessory when boating or even playing near a large body of water. Young children should always be supervised by an adult (who can swim) or lifeguard when playing near a pool, or water of any depth (whether it’s the wading pool in your backyard, or the Ocean).

Other safety precautions include wearing helmets when biking, rollerskating, skateboarding, etc. Your kids are more likely to wear their helmet if you set an example, so make it a family rule.

Talking to preteens, teenagers and even your college-aged child about the dangers of driving or riding with friends under the influence of drugs or alcohol is another conversation you must have. It is important to have a family plan and let your children know ahead of time that they can depend on you to get them home safely (you can deal with the poor decision after your child has gotten home safe and sound). If you aren’t sure how to start this conversation, consider asking for help from a school counselor or other trained professional.

Remember that your children learn from watching you. If you are a safety first kind of person, chances are your children will grow up the same. If safety doesn’t come naturally for you, that’s okay. Many grandparents today were raised before the time of seatbelts and yet, many of them have managed to adapt to the latest recommendations.

If you’re willing to do everything you can to keep your children healthy, then it shouldn’t take much more effort to keep them SAFE too!

Tags: accident prevention, accidents, adolescent, american academy of pediatrics, booster seats, cause of death, Children, drunk driving, helmets, infants, life jackets, Pediatrics, safety, seatbelts, teenagers